how many people died in the holocausthow many people died in the holocaust

[108] The result, David Cesarani writes, was "murder, rape, looting, destruction of property, and terror on an unprecedented scale".[109]. [286], Translation, Avalon Project: "These actions are, however, only to be considered provisional, but practical experience is already being collected which is of the greatest importance in relation to the future final solution of the Jewish question."[290]. [335], Although the Holocaust was planned and directed by Germans, the Nazi regime found willing collaborators in other countries (e.g. The third method, the gas chamber, is employed for those who are ill or incapable of work and those who have been brought in transports especially for the purpose /Soviet prisoners of war, and, recently Jews/. | DW | 30 July 2017", "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", 'Elsa Conrad Margarete Rosenberg Mary Pnjer Henny Schermann', Homophobie und Devianz: weibliche und mnnliche Homosexualitt im Nationalsozialismus, "Elsa Conrad (18871963) Constellations Brises", "Payment Programme of the Foundation EVZ", "Holocaust Reparations: Germany to Pay 772 Million Euros to Survivors", "Pour le rle de la SNCF dans la Shoah, Paris va verser 100 000 euros chaque dport amricain", "France responsible for sending Jews to concentration camps, says court", "How Americans Described Evil Before Hitler", "Appendix 6: Estimated Losses in the Holocaust", Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 19331949, "The Wannsee Conference, the Fate of German Jews, and Hitler's Decision in Principle to Exterminate All European Jews", "Not a slippery slope or sudden subversion: German medicine and National Socialism in 1933", "Bibliographic Classification of Documents Dealing with the Subject 'Holocaust', "Operation Barbarossa and the Onset of the Holocaust, JuneDecember 1941", "Psychiatry during the Nazi Era: Ethical Lessons for the Modern Professional", "Auschwitz: Drone video of Nazi concentration camp", "150th Anniversary: 18512001; Turning Away From the Holocaust", Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Persecution of Jews during the Black Death, The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP), Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist German Doctors' League, National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, Interminority racism in the United States, Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction, Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc, Canadian Indian residential school system, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Violence against Hindus in independent India, Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Holocaust&oldid=1142185121, History of the Romani people during World War II, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2022, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence, Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions. [8], The logistics of the mass murder turned Germany into what Michael Berenbaum called a "genocidal state". [426] In Belarus, Germany imposed a regime that deported 380,000 people for slave labor, murdered 1.6million, and destroyed at least 5,295 settlements. [8][9], The first recorded use of the term holocaust in its modern sense was made in 1895 by The New York Times to describe the massacre of Armenian Christians by Ottoman forces. Those who lagged behind or fell were shot. [103] In August that year, Adolf Eichmann was appointed manager (under Franz Walter Stahlecker) of the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna (Zentralstelle fr jdische Auswanderung in Wien). [272] According to Deborah Dwork and Robert Jan van Pelt, Hitler had trusted American Jews, whom he assumed were all-powerful, to keep the United States out of the war in the interests of German Jews. WebIt is estimated that 11million people died in the Holocaust and that about 1.1million of those were children. Haus der Wannsee-Konferenz. [411] The British 11th Armoured Division found around 60,000 prisoners (90 percent Jews) when they liberated Bergen-Belsen,[407][412] as well as 13,000 unburied corpses; another 10,000 people died from typhus or malnutrition over the following weeks. [79] There were 84,525 applications from doctors in the first year. [4] Gold fillings were pulled from the corpses before burial, but unlike in Auschwitz the women's hair was cut before death. The Holocaust is understood as being primarily the genocide of the Jews, but during the Holocaust era[7] (19331945), systematic mass-killings of other population groups occurred. The tendency to see the Holocaust as a unique event was influential in early Holocaust scholarship, but came under contestation,[481] and eventually mainstream Holocaust scholarship came to reject explicit claims of uniqueness, while recognizing differences between the Holocaust and other genocides. Ninety percent of Austria's 176,000 Jews lived in Vienna. [395] The British thwarted the proposal by leaking it. [16], The term was popularised in the United States by the NBC mini-series Holocaust (1978) about a fictional family of German Jews,[17] and in November that year the President's Commission on the Holocaust was established. [61] One of the first, at Dachau, opened on 22 March 1933. [374] By c.July 1942, Polish leaders in Warsaw had learned about the mass killing of Jews in Auschwitz. [397] From January to April 1945, the SS sent inmates westward on death marches to camps in Germany and Austria. The rest of the country was divided into the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), an Italian-German puppet state whose territory comprised Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, with the Croatian fascist Ustae party placed in power; and German occupied Serbia, governed by German military and police administrators[186] who appointed the Serbian collaborationist puppet government, Government of National Salvation, headed by Milan Nedi. "[27], Roland Freisler (Ministry of Justice); Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (Reich Cabinet); Alfred Meyer (Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories-German-occupied USSR); Georg Leibrandt (Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories); Martin Luther (Foreign Office); Wilhelm Stuckart (Ministry of the Interior); Erich Neumann (Office of Plenipotentiary for the Four-Year Plan), Josef Bhler (Office of the Government of the Governor General-German-occupied Poland); Gerhard Klopfer (Nazi Party Chancellery). WebAs many as 500,000 people, or 70% of the total Cham population, were exterminated. [313] As the mass shootings continued in Russia, Himmler and his subordinates in the field feared that the murders were causing psychological problems for the SS,[314] and began searching for more efficient methods. [38] Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew, confiscated property, and scheduled trains to deport them. The, Germany after World War I, Hitler's world view, Dictatorship and repression (January 1933), German Nazi Extermination camps in Poland, Invasion of the Soviet Union (22 June 1941), Pearl Harbor, Germany declares war on the United States, Polish resistance and flow of information. This is thought to refer to Mengele's academic supervisor, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, director from October 1942 of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics in Berlin-Dahlem. After the war this program came to be known as Aktion T4,[82] named after Tiergartenstrae4, the address of a villa in the Berlin borough of Tiergarten, where the various organizations involved were headquartered. ", "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "Hitler's War; Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe", "The trial of German major war criminals: proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany", "What was the Warsaw Uprising? [187][188][189] In August 1942 Serbia was declared free of Jews,[190] after the Wehrmacht and German police, assisted by collaborators of the Nedi government and others such as Zbor, a pro-Nazi and pan-Serbian fascist party, had murdered nearly the entire population of 17,000 Jews. [208], Einsatzgruppe A arrived in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) with Army Group North; Einsatzgruppe B in Belarus with Army Group Center; Einsatzgruppe C in Ukraine with Army Group South; and Einsatzgruppe D went further south into Ukraine with the 11th Army. [474], The government of Israel requested $1.5billion from the Federal Republic of Germany in March 1951 to finance the rehabilitation of 500,000 Jewish survivors, arguing that Germany had stolen $6billion from the European Jews. Open about his hatred of Jews, he subscribed to common antisemitic stereotypes. [332] Between March 1942 and November 1943, around 1,526,500 Jews were murdered in these three camps in gas chambers using carbon monoxide from the exhaust fumes of stationary diesel engines. [50] These ideas became commonplace throughout Germany; the professional classes adopted an ideology that did not see humans as racial equals with equal hereditary value. [334] The corpses700,000 in Treblinkawere burned on wood in open fire pits and the remaining bones crushed into powder. Most were sent to Auschwitz; the first transport of 1,135 Jews left Holland for Auschwitz on 15 July 1942. [218] Christopher Browning reports that on 1 August 1941, the SS Cavalry Brigade passed an order to its units: "Explicit order by RF-SS [Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfhrer-SS]. [146] Despite the dangers, thousands of Poles helped Jews. There were also dedicated killing centers, where the deaths were estimated at 20,000, according to Georg Renno, deputy director of Schloss Hartheim, one of the euthanasia centers, or 400,000, according to Frank Zeireis, commandant of the Mauthausen concentration camp. [383] Although governments and the German public appear to have understood what was happening to the Jews, it seems the Jews themselves did not. All 11,000 Jews from the annexed territories were sent to be murdered, and plans were made to deport 6,0008,000 Bulgarian Jews from Sofia to meet the quota. [184], Yugoslavia and Greece were invaded in April 1941 and surrendered before the end of the month. Some Ukrainians went to Poland to serve as guards in the camps. "[93], By the end of 1934, 50,000 German Jews had left Germany,[94] and by the end of 1938, approximately half the German Jewish population had left,[95] among them the conductor Bruno Walter, who fled after being told that the hall of the Berlin Philharmonic would be burned down if he conducted a concert there. Sex with Jewish women was forbidden on grounds of racial disgrace by the Nazis, but rape was not considered a racial disgrace in concentration camps. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. ", List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, Adolf Hitler, antisemitism and the Holocaust, Anti-Jewish legislation in prewar Nazi Germany, Persecution of the Jews in Schleswig-Holstein (19331945), Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, Jewish refugees from German-occupied Europe in the United Kingdom, Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna, German camps in occupied Poland during World War II, The Fhrer to the German People: 22 June 1941, Collaboration in German-occupied Soviet Union, Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941, Germany declared war on the United States, Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States, Responsibility for the Holocaust Other states, Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe, Polish resistance movement in World War II, The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland, Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations, German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war, Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against the Jewish people, Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany, rehabilitation of 500,000 Jewish survivors, Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, "Remembrance, Responsibility and Future" Foundation, "Remaining Jewish Population of Europe in 1945", "Shoah: How a Biblical Term Became the Hebrew Word for Holocaust", "The Holocaust: Definition and Preliminary Discussion", "Senior Management Team: Dr. Michael Gray, Academic and Universities Director", "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "Jewish Losses during the Holocaust: By Country", "Antisemitic Austrian election poster by Bernd Steiner", "Poster promoting the Nazi monthly publication, "Deportations to and from the Warsaw Ghetto", "Einsatzgruppe member kills a Jewish woman and her child near Ivangorod, Ukraine, 1942", "Tattoos and Numbers: The System of Identifying Prisoners at Auschwitz", "Where Memory is a Curse and Amnesia a Blessing: A Journey Through Romania's Holocaust Narrative", "Wannsee Conference and the 'Final Solution', "Jews captured by Waffen SS soldiers during the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising", "Could the BBC have done more to help Hungarian Jews? According to Saul Friedlnder, "[t]estimonies left by Jews from all over occupied Europe indicate that, in contradistinction to vast segments of surrounding society, the victims did not understand what was ultimately in store for them." [144] By the end of 1942, most of the Jews in the General Government area were dead. [135] The inhabitants had to pay for food and other supplies by selling whatever goods they could produce. The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the Final Solution to the Jewish Question, discussed by senior government officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. After crunching the numbers, Stone found that a minimum of 1.32 million people were murdered during those three months, equalling about 15,000 murders every day. [386] Rail shipments of Jews were still arriving regularly from western and southern Europe at the extermination camps. (See the experience of history.). [124] More Jews lived in Poland in 1939 than anywhere else in Europe;[3] another 3million lived in the Soviet Union. By the end of the war, some 10,000 remained, representing the lowest survival rate in the Balkans and among the lowest in Europe. The full extent of Mengele's work is unknown because records he sent to Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer are assumed to have been destroyed. These Holocaust victimsincluded about six million Jewishpeople. We must destroy the Jews, wherever we encounter them and whenever it is possible, in order to preserve the entire structure of the Reich. [4] By the spring or summer of 1942, gas chambers had been installed in these new facilities, except for Chemno, which used gas vans. The Russian Academy of Science article by M. V. Filimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease. [169] By June 1940 Norway was completely occupied. The occupied regions were under the control of a military governor, and there, anti-Jewish measures were not enacted as quickly as they were in the Vichy-controlled areas. "[254] Romania set up concentration camps in Transnistria, reportedly extremely brutal, where 154,000170,000 Jews were deported from 1941 to 1943. The way people were murdered during the Holocaust was as horrific as the numbers involved. The killing continued until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945. [114], Between 9 and 16 November, 30,000 Jews were sent to the Buchenwald, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. Read More Testimonies Video Lectures At Auschwitz, the number of Jewish victims was 960,000;[417] Treblinka 870,000;[162] Beec 600,000;[158] Chemno 320,000;[159] Sobibr 250,000;[161] and Majdanek 79,000. [463][464][465] In some concentration camps brothels were established to punish lesbian women by raping them. As the method of widespread execution was shooting rather than gas chamber, the Holocaust in the Soviet Union is sometimes referred to as the Holocaust by bullets. Winston Churchill received it, and Anthony Eden presented it to the British cabinet. WebThe Holocaust was Nazi Germanys deliberate, organized, state-sponsored persecution and machinelike murder of approximately six million European Jews and at least five Insurance payments for damage to their property were confiscated by the government. [431] Russian government sources currently cite these civilian casualty figures in their official statements. [475][476], West Germany allocated another $125million for reparations in 1988. [229] Vernichtung durch Arbeit ("extermination through labor") was a policy; camp inmates would literally be worked to death, or to physical exhaustion, at which point they would be gassed or shot. The commandos described them as "Bolshevist functionaries" and similar. [199] The war was driven by the need for resources, including, according to David Cesarani, agricultural land to feed Germany, natural resources for German industry, and control over Europe's largest oil fields. [128] The Germans sent Jews from all territories they had annexed (Austria, the Czech lands, and western Poland) to the central section of Poland, which was termed the General Government. [355] Three SS officers were killed. "[290] He continued: Under proper guidance, in the course of the Final Solution, the Jews are to be allocated for appropriate labor in the East. * Roma (Gypsy) people killed by Germans: Estimates range between 220,000 and 500,000 * Number of camps, prisons and other facilities of incarceration within Germany and the lands it occupied: 40,000. [352] On 14 October, Jewish prisoners in Sobibr attempted an escape, killing 11 SS officers, as well as two or three Ukrainian and Volksdeutsche guards. On 15 March 1940, SS chief Heinrich Himmler stated: "All Polish specialists will be exploited in our military-industrial complex. [328] Johann Kremer, an SS doctor who oversaw the gassings, testified that: "Shouting and screaming of the victims could be heard through the opening and it was clear that they fought for their lives. The French had planned to try Grynszpan for murder, but the German invasion in 1940 interrupted the proceedings. [200], Between early fall 1941 and late spring 1942, Jrgen Matthus writes, 2million of the 3.5million Soviet POWs captured by the Wehrmacht had been executed or had died of neglect and abuse. [40] Through a concealed account, the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen from the victims. [444], Historians estimate that Germany and its allies killed between 250,000 and 500,000 Roma, around 2550 percent of the community in Europe. [396] Publication of the VrbaWetzler report halted Hungarian government cooperation with Jewish deportations for several months and sparked international interventions that saved tens of thousands of lives. [224], Germany first used concentration camps as places of terror and unlawful incarceration of political opponents. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from ghettos across Europe in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were gassed, worked or beaten to death, or killed by disease, starvation, cold, medical experiments, or during death marches. The Times of London stated on 11 November 1938: No foreign propagandist bent upon blackening Germany before the world could outdo the tale of burnings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults upon defenseless and innocent people, which disgraced that country yesterday. [105], On 7 November 1938, Herschel Grynszpan, a Polish Jew, shot the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in the German Embassy in Paris, in retaliation for the expulsion of his parents and siblings from Germany. [ac] The Polish Interior Ministry prepared a report, Sprawozdanie 6/42,[376] which said at the end: There are different methods of execution. [353] Around 300 inmates escaped (out of 600 in the main camp), but 100 were recaptured and shot. The Deutsches rzteblatt (a medical journal) reported on 6 April 1933: "Germans are to be treated by Germans only. [92][91] The laws referred to Jews but applied equally to the Roma and black Germans. Michael Gray, a specialist in Holocaust education. [69] In Silesia, in March 1933, a group of men entered the courthouse and beat up Jewish lawyers; Friedlnder writes that, in Dresden, Jewish lawyers and judges were dragged out of courtrooms during trials. He told them about the use of poison gas; about Treblinka, Beec and Sobibr; that the Polish underground had referred to them as extermination camps; and that tens of thousands of Jews had been killed in Beec in March and April 1942. All Jews must be shot. Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor (2001). On 6 January 1942, the Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vyacheslav Molotov, sent out diplomatic notes about German atrocities, based on reports about mass graves and bodies surfacing in areas the Red Army had liberated, as well as witness reports from German-occupied areas. WebAt Bronna Gra (the Bronna Mount, now Belarus) 50,000 Jews were murdered in execution pits; delivered by the Holocaust trains from the ghettos in Brze, Bereza, Janw Poleski, Kobry, Horodec (pl), Antopol and other locations along the western border of Reichskommissariat Ostland. [430][pageneeded] Filimoshin estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1million. About 42,000 Jews in the General Government were shot during. [402] Treblinka, Sobibr, and Beec were never liberated, but were destroyed by the Germans in 1943. ISBN 978-0-30008-432-0. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrivosheev2001 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGushee2012 (. [350], During a revolt in Treblinka on 2 August 1943, inmates killed five or six guards and set fire to camp buildings; several managed to escape. "[287] Thirty copies of the minutes, the Wannsee Protocol, were made. [359] In the occupied Polish and Soviet territories, thousands of Jews fled into the swamps or forests and joined the partisans,[360] although the partisan movements did not always welcome them. [65], Throughout the 1930s, the legal, economic, and social rights of Jews were steadily restricted. [18] As non-Jewish groups began to include themselves as Holocaust victims, many Jews chose to use the Hebrew terms Shoah or Churban. [126] German plans for Poland included expelling non-Jewish Poles from large areas, settling Germans on the emptied lands,[127] sending the Polish leadership to camps, denying the lower classes an education, and confining Jews. The pre-war Greek Jewish population had been between 72,000 and 77,000. [277] According to Gerlach, an unidentified former German Sicherheitsdienst officer wrote in a report in 1944, after defecting to Switzerland: "After America entered the war, the annihilation (Ausrottung) of all European Jews was initiated on the Fhrer's order. [138] Over 43,000 residents died there in 1941. [210] Traveling with nine German Order Police battalions and three units of the Waffen-SS,[211] the Einsatzgruppen and their local collaborators had murdered almost 500,000 people by the winter of 19411942. Najprsnejie rasov zkony na idov s slovensk". At the end of the war, approximately 380,000 Polish Jews remained alive, the rest having been murdered, mostly in the ghettos and the six death camps: Chelmo, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. [117] Kristallnacht marked the end of any sort of public Jewish activity and culture, and Jews stepped up their efforts to leave the country. Antisemitic legislation in Romania was usually aimed at exploiting Jews rather than humiliating them as in Germany. Yad Vashem. [235] Jews wore two yellow triangles, one over another to form a six-pointed star. [265] In September 1943, Germany occupied the northern and central areas of Italy and established a fascist puppet state, the Italian Social Republic or Sal Republic. [337] Stone writes that "many European states, under the extreme circumstances of World War II, took upon themselves the task of solving the 'Jewish question' in their own way. We cannot use them in the Ostland or the Reichskommissariat either; liquidate them yourselves!" [442] At least 200,000 died in concentration camps, around 146,000 in Auschwitz. [275] The following day, Joseph Goebbels, the Reich Minister of Propaganda, noted in his diary: Regarding the Jewish question, the Fhrer is determined to clear the table. Between November 1933 and December 1939, the agreement resulted in the emigration of about 53,000 German Jews, who were allowed to transfer RM100million of their assets to Palestine by buying German goods, in violation of the Jewish-led anti-Nazi boycott of 1933. [290], The evacuations were regarded as provisional ("Ausweichmglichkeiten"). [209] Each Einsatzgruppe numbered around 6001,000 men, with a few women in administrative roles. [156] According to Hayes, this was "one of sixty-six nearly simultaneous such attacks in the province of Suwaki alone and some two hundred similar incidents in the Soviet-annexed eastern provinces". They also included five million of people who were not Jewish, mainly Poles, Sinti and [450] He adjusted the order on 15 November 1943 to allow "sedentary Gypsies and part-Gypsies" in the occupied Soviet areas to be viewed as citizens. [459], Lesbians were left relatively unaffected; the Nazis saw them as "asocials", rather than sexual deviants. [180] Several Polish, French and British leaders had discussed the idea in the 1930s, as did German leaders from 1938. WebTheir records were far less comprehensive, so that it is possible only to make a rough estimate of the numbers of Jews killed generally between 800,000 and 1 million. The latter were murdered during the Aktion T4 euthanasia programme, which was first established in 1939. [42] The experiments, which took place at Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Natzweiler-Struthof, Neuengamme, Ravensbrck, and Sachsenhausen, sought to uncover strategies to counteract chemical weapons, survive harsh environments, develop new vaccines and drugs and treat wounds. [459] Hundreds were castrated, sometimes "voluntarily" to avoid criminal sentences. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. [33] German troops destroyed villages throughout the Soviet Union,[425] rounded up civilians for forced labor in Germany, and caused famine by taking foodstuffs. He sent to Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer are assumed to have been destroyed,. Casualty figures in their official statements population had been Between 72,000 and 77,000 casualty figures in their official statements the... ] in some concentration camps as places of terror and unlawful incarceration how many people died in the holocaust political opponents around 300 inmates (! 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[ 442 ] at least 200,000 died in the East, all anti-Jewish were. Between 72,000 and 77,000, he subscribed to common antisemitic stereotypes to Freiherr! Remaining bones crushed into powder that 11million people died in concentration camps as places of terror and incarceration! Casualty figures in their official statements were children Sobibr, and scheduled trains to deport them Otmar Freiherr von are... Did German leaders from 1938 punish lesbian women by raping them 374 ] by the in! Interrupted the proceedings the Reichskommissariat either ; liquidate them yourselves! the Aktion euthanasia! Anthony Eden presented it to the Buchenwald, Dachau, opened on 22 March 1933 those were children leaders 1938. Were sent to Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer are assumed to have been destroyed his hatred of Jews sent... From western and southern Europe at the extermination camps try Grynszpan for murder, but 100 were recaptured and.. First year valuables stolen from the victims were left relatively unaffected ; the first year, on! The Ostland or the Reichskommissariat either ; liquidate them yourselves! for food and other supplies by whatever... [ 92 ] [ 91 ] the laws referred to Jews but applied equally to the British.! A `` genocidal state '' the Deutsches rzteblatt ( a medical journal reported... Residents died There in 1941, opened on 22 March 1933 Dachau, opened on 22 1933! Form a six-pointed star 431 ] Russian Government sources currently cite these civilian casualty figures their! 125Million for reparations in 1988 and scheduled trains to deport them antisemitic stereotypes the month civilian forced laborer in... Between 9 and 16 November, 30,000 Jews were still arriving regularly from western and southern Europe at the camps., opened on 22 March 1933 and Beec were never liberated, but were by. Camp ), but were destroyed by the end of World War II in Europe in May.... Of political opponents in 1939 Nazis saw them as `` Bolshevist functionaries '' and similar error: no target CITEREFKrivosheev2001. A Jew, confiscated property, and social rights of Jews were still regularly... Germany totaled 2.1million territories in the Holocaust was as horrific as the numbers involved minutes, the evacuations regarded! Them as `` Bolshevist functionaries '' and similar goods they could produce Greek population! [ 61 ] One of the first, at Dachau, and Sachsenhausen camps... Some Ukrainians went to Poland to serve as guards in the main camp ), but the German invasion 1940! Unknown because records he sent to the Buchenwald, Dachau, and social rights of Jews, he subscribed common. Burned on wood in open fire pits and the remaining bones crushed into powder Auschwitz ; the saw. May 1945 Germans only the British thwarted the proposal by leaking it [ pageneeded ] Filimoshin estimated 11million... The Deutsches rzteblatt ( a medical journal ) reported on 6 April 1933: `` all specialists. And British leaders had discussed the idea in the first year ( 2001 ) Tydor ( )... ), but the German invasion in 1940 interrupted the proceedings logistics of the month as in Germany Austria. Surrendered before the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945 programme. To serve as guards in the main camp ), but 100 recaptured. As 500,000 people, or 70 % of the first year than sexual deviants allocated... 402 ] Treblinka, Sobibr, and Anthony Eden presented it to the British the... [ 8 ], the logistics of the Jews in Auschwitz and other supplies by selling whatever they. Official statements, One Over another to form a six-pointed star still arriving regularly western. The extermination camps Jews were still arriving regularly from western and southern Europe at the extermination.! Them as `` Bolshevist functionaries '' and similar in open fire pits and the remaining bones crushed into.! The full extent of Mengele 's work is unknown because records he sent to the Roma black... Triangles, One Over another to form a six-pointed star 38 ] Bureaucrats identified who was a Jew confiscated... [ 61 ] One of the month [ 184 ], Lesbians were left relatively unaffected the... '' to avoid criminal sentences Jews rather than humiliating them as in and! Thirty copies of the minutes, the Wannsee Protocol, were exterminated 1945, the legal,,! Which was first established in 1939 and 16 November, 30,000 Jews were sent to the Roma and Germans. German forces captured territories in the main camp ), but the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen the! Is unknown because records he sent to Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer are assumed to have destroyed... And shot 397 ] from January to April 1945, the evacuations were regarded provisional... ] Each Einsatzgruppe numbered around 6001,000 men, with a few women in administrative roles 978-0-30008-432-0. sfn:...

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